27 April 2018
(The Dig)-- Following background on settling of the islands--
RETHINKING HISTORY , CONSERVING HERITAGE ARCHAEOLOGY AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN IFUGAO, PHILIPPINES
Stephen Acabado, Marlon Martin, and Adam J. Lauer
Rethinking Philippine History Philippine narratives, especially those that tell of the origins of Filipinos, are still based on the Waves of Migration theory, popularized by H.O. Beyer, considered the founder of Philippine Anthropology. The model was initially introduced by Spanish friars early in the Spanish colonial period. Ferdinand Blumetritt, an Austrian scholar during the Spanish-era Philippines, refined the model in 1882 (Scott 1994). Beyer’s theory was the first model developed to explain the origins of people who settled the islands that now comprise the Philippines. The model claims that a succession of different groups arrived in waves, with varying biological and cultural sophistication; there was a very specific racial typology, with each wave getting lighter and lighter as the level of culture got “higher and higher.” On this model, the dark-skinned pygmies that Beyer classified as the Negritos were the first group to inhabit the islands. They currently inhabit interior mountain ranges across the Philippine archipelago because, as Beyer postulated, of their “inferior culture.” They were pushed to the mountains when a second group arrived, identified by Beyer as the Indonesian A and B. The last group, the Malays, arrived in three successive waves, the last group appearing just before contact with Europeans. The last wave was eventually Islamized and Christianized. They settled the lowlands, thereby pushing the Indonesians and the first two waves of Malays to the mountains. The first two waves of Malays were not converted to either Islam or Christianity.
https://www.ifugao-archaeological-project.org/uploads/6/4/4/7/6447606/rethinking_history-conserving_heritage.pdf
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