mm
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Studies of the actual fossil teeth and jaws in relation to the problem of the origin of man have thrown an invaluable light upon that problem, but only in so far as the evolution of the teeth and jaws are concerned. (page 129)
Now, how do the teeth of Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens compare with the Dryopillaecus-Sivapitlaecus teeth and jaws? The answer to this question is that the teeth of Neanderthal man are further removed from the type of teeth found in the Dryopithecus-Sivapillzeczls stock than are the teeth of Homo sapiens. (pge 129)
Montagu inadvertently cites linguistic determinism:
Thus systematically do anthropologists confuse themselves, forcing on nature the limitations of their own minds and identifying their view of reality with reality itself. (page 130)
next sentence:
The physical characters of many types of extinct and probably of all living varieties of man represent variations which have occurred in different groups all originating at the same time from the same common ancestral stock.
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d, and the time-worn phrases of the imposition of culture by a more highly civilized people upon one of lower culture that has been conquered are giving way to more thorough views on the subject of exchange of cultural achievements (page 902)
ty. The fact that many fundamental features of culture are universal, or at least occur in many iso- lated places, interpreted by the assumption that the same features must always have developed from the same causes, leads to the conclusion that there is one grand sys- tem according to which mankind has de- veloped everywhere. (page 904)
They may reveal the environmental conditions which have created or modified cultural elements. (page 905)
This method of starting with a hypothesis is infinitely inferior to the one in which by truly inductive processes the actual history of definite phenomena is derived. (page 905)
similarity of form of language may be due to environmental causes. (page 906)
Boas, Franz. “The Limitations of the Comparative Method of Anthropology.” Science, vol. 4, no. 103, 1896, pp. 901–08. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1623004. Accessed 5 Mar. 2023.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1623004.pdf
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next sentence--
There has been, one would say, parallel differentiation in somewhat different directions as result of mutation,
Hence, it seems fairly clear that if the term "specialization" is to he used at all, it must be used, as must the term “advanced,” to refer to specific characters and not to the status of the animal as a whole, nor should the term be restricted to increase in size as opposed to decrease in size. In other words, specialization may assume different and contrary forms, and no arbitrary selection may be made from among these forms. (132)
.. Which brings into question articulation, speech by the Neanderthal. Manner of, place of, articulations with respect to oral cavity, the pharyngeal tube and the glottis.
Pharyngeal tube--The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). The pharynx is about 5 inches long, depending on body size. Also called throat.
glottis /ˈɡlädəs noun--the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them. It affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.
--which would give the Neanderthal the capacity to articulate similar phonemes and morphemes of the homo sapiens.
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science is the description in conceptual shorthand (never the explanation) of the routine of our perceptual experience. (page 392)
then the door would not have been opened for the metaphysician to parody metakinesis by supermateriality. (page 400)
Why cannot we find this sequence of sense-impressions in our present experience, why cannot we repeat the spontaneous generation of life in our laboratories ? The reply probably lies in the statement that we seek to reverse a process which is irreversible (page 409)
page 410--
The Grammar of Science, pearson1911.pdf (free.fr)
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Neanderthal articulatory capacity
Articulatory capacity of Neanderthals, a very recent and human-like fossil hominin - PMC (nih.gov)
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3. Evolution is limited. Dollo used this phrase in two senses. First, evolution is limited because a highly specialized organism cannot adjust to a rapidly altered environment and becomes extinct. (page 192)
An organism never returns exactly to a former state, even if it finds itself placed in conditions of existence identical to those in which it has previously lived. But by virtue of the indestructibility of the past . . . it always keeps some trace of the intermediate stages through which it has passed. (page 196)
Otherwise, we might as well maintain that by throwing into the air the characters necessary for printing the Iliad, the poem would be completely composed by the simple fall of these little metallic blocks. (page 199)
Irreversibility, as most of the vernacular words we borrow for scientific jargon, is not blessed with the unambiguity of a single meaning. As we have been using the term, irreversibility is a function of the complexity of a series of independent events. (page 200)
orthogenetic (page 202) pertaining to or supporting the theory that evolution follows a predetermined course rather than branching off in different directions as a result of natural selection.
ontogenesis the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
The Newtonian synthesis had produced a set of descriptive generalizations that ordered complex results into a simpler lawful structure (page 207)
evolutionary irreversibility the very same argument advanced today for the uniqueness of historical events-the statistical improbability that the incalculable number of independent con- figurations antecedent to and comprising any historical event should ever occur twice (page 208)
Dollo on Dollo's Law: Irreversibility and the Status of Evolutionary Laws on JSTOR
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Cornman, A basis for ostensible reversal of evolution
A Basis for Ostensible Reversal of Evolution on JSTOR
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s. We must always bear in mind that very different causes may produce the same effects; that cinnabar may be produced by either the dry or humid process; that felspar may, by crystallisation, separate from the water as from a fiery river; that land and marine plants may both give rise to coal-formations; and that caves may be filled either by water-streams, or by slow infil? tration, or by means of beasts of prey and man; and that all this may occur at very different periods, and at long intervals. But, un- fortunately, we are always led by the deciphering of an individual process to imagine that we have found a magic pass-key which opens all closed doors. (page 339)
Vogt, Carl. “On the Primitive Periods of the Human Species.” The Anthropological Review, vol. 5, no. 18/19, 1867, pp. 334–50. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3024927. Accessed 7 Mar. 2023.
Lecture II, Page 60, Fig. 18: Virchow measurements.
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